Ivor Arbiter took the round shaped enclosure idea from a microphone stand and it was the first pedal including a DPDT stomp-switch. var prefix = 'ma' + 'il' + 'to'; 1. Note that the output signal is not completely flat when it clips (it is slightly tilted), this feature adds more character to the sound . Arbitrer Electronics manufactured the pedal from 1966 to 1975, Dallas Music Industries did a final batch in 1975-77, after that the production stopped. The voltage required is 4.5v. Well, weirdos maybe. Arbitrer Electronics manufactured the pedal from 1966 to 1975, Dallas Music Industries did a final batch in 1975-77, after that the production stopped. In terms of design, the bypass capacitor C2 should have a reactance, at the lowest frequency you are interested to amplify, less than the value of RFUZZ. The trimmer resistor can be dialed in by ear to suit the desired tone if you so desire. It might look funny but It has a reason: the output signal is not much larger than the input signal to keep the huge amount of signal available from over-driving the input of the pedal or amplifier following it. The Fuzz Face Resistors: The original models use 1/2W carbon film resistors. For the bias values showed above, the fuzz potentiometer is set to the midpoint (500Ω), The DC voltages might change due to transistor, The important settings to get the best sound out of a Fuzz Face is to have Q1, For this math calculation the feedback network is ignored but in practice, it will lower the input impedance to 5K, load the guitar pickups. The Erupter contains only one Bias control, with the fuzz level internally dimed and the Volume pre-set to a universal unity level. Completed pedals are biased before and after installation into the PCB to help make sure that you have a great sounding pedal upon initial use. I needed to use a 50k bias pot in order to get down to 4.5 V on the Q2 collector, but this may be because I used 100k gain pots and a 10k fuzz pot - which is worth trying. If the level goes down, the 500KΩ resistor will be reduced and the filter will remove more bass. The circuit is a simple 2 stage amplifier with a feedback network path. This email address is being protected from spambots. Want to reduce the input voltage so the pedal breaks up into oscillation? This gain variation is crucial in the design, the best match uses a low gain in the first stage (β=70-80 approx.) It can be broken down into three parts: Input Stage, Output Stage and Feedback Network. note: For the bias values showed above, the fuzz potentiometer is set to the midpoint (500Ω) The DC voltages might change due to transistor β variations, in this case, we are using a Q 1 with β=85 and Q 2 with β=120. This feature of giving soft asymmetric distortion to small signals and clipping harder in both semi-cycles on big input signals (strong chords) gives a nice touch sensitivity which enhances the expressive possibilities. addyc9796beda9bd2381890082165b7e7805 = addyc9796beda9bd2381890082165b7e7805 + 'electrosmash' + '.' + 'com'; Because the fuzz is so dependent on individual transistors there can be huge variation in the way these sound. USE THE INVERTER OR WIRE FOR POSI-GND. It is not the ideal input stage for signal integrity but the best for simplicity and fast high gain. However, there are some other options, for a more compressed sound you can use β=90-120 for Q. FF Sound Signature II: Soft Clipping - Hard Clipping: As the second stage is driven harder, it can reach hard clipping in both semi-cycles of the signal. In the Fuzz Face the Q1 collector voltage sits around -1.6V,  so the voltage swing on the positive semi-cycle is much bigger than in the negative semi-cycle. AC128 Transistor datasheet 1 pdfAC128 Transistor datasheet 2 pdf. Reply Delete Easiest To Use Fuzz Pedal. Building the Perfect Fuzz Face8. This analysis covers the first Arbitrer Fuzz Face model equipped with PNP germanium transistors from the first releases. When the input signal has a higher level, the input stage will soft-saturate in both semi-cycles like in the image below. In this case, the total voltage gain measured at Q2 collector is around 19.5dB. Synthrotek-MDIV-Eurorack-Clock-Divider-Multiplier, window.dojoRequire(["mojo/signup-forms/Loader"], function(L) { L.start({"baseUrl":"mc.us4.list-manage.com","uuid":"38f29b26bad12e4a62cf41410","lid":"99f032f6ee","uniqueMethods":true}) }). Emitter degeneration capacitor C2:Any impedance between C2 emitter and ground (RFUZZ) will reduce the gain of the output stage, it is a form of local negative feedback. They are common technologies still easy to find nowadays. Fuzz Faces naturally tend to bias with only about half a volt on the collector of the first transistor, so there is a lot of room upwards. For the Fuzz Face circuit to be optimally biased, the collector of Q2 needs to be at 4.5 volts. T. he 20uF is so big that almost all the frequencies get full amplification. The gist of the Fuzz Face remains in the simple circuit that uses eleven components (2 transistors, 4 resistors, 3 caps and 2 pots) and the astonishing tones created with them; delivering a soft asymmetrical clipping that changes to hard clipping in both semi-cycles under the fuzz pot action. Don’t Forget to check the additional notes on the Tone stack Section . This is due to the RC filter created by C1 and the input impedance (5KΩ approx. that has grown up around them. It is important to select the right transistor from the whole batch in order to archive the best effect performance. In 1993 Dunlop took over the production selling the fuzz face in different flavors. The single layer PCB with through-hole components fits without problems inside the oversized cast iron enclosure. ", "There were always problems with them, so I’d get involved in testing and repairing because they just didn’t all work right!". DEXTER74 Strat-O-Master. Synthrotek is now testing and bias testing all of the Germanium transistors that we send with kits and completed units. Quick View. We can use the formula: All the frequencies over 8Hz get full amplification. If we are looking for high gain it is a common practice to have part or all of the emitter resistor grounded with a bypass capacitor. These days Dunlop manufactures a number of different finishes and sizes using various transistor flavors: The transistors are the most sensitive part of the design with a whole mythology that has grown up around them. var path = 'hr' + 'ef' + '='; Reduce the noise: minimizing the contribution to the output of unwanted electrical signals. ).However, there are some other options, for a more compressed sound you can use β=90-120 for Q1 and β=150-190 Q2.There are some circuits that help to measure the transistor gain. Resources. The fuzz was a little weak with classic combo AC 128 and also with 2N404 even combo, maybe my choice should have been for hotter trans! addy0bbee1a085a5092a78cb1fa82c758b68 = addy0bbee1a085a5092a78cb1fa82c758b68 + 'electrosmash' + '.' + 'com'; Thanks for reading, all feedback is appreciated. var path = 'hr' + 'ef' + '='; The voltage gain (AV) can go from 8.2 to as high as the transistor's basic internal gain (when RFUZZ is maxed out). Tabor. Jack in, Jack out, battery clip, DPDT foot-switch. PSUs with electronically isolated outputs may work, but it’s not ideal, and many vintage and vintage-style Fuzz Face owners resign themselves to using batteries. Amplifiers use current or voltage as input or outputs, you can check the amplifier classification. document.getElementById('cloak0bbee1a085a5092a78cb1fa82c758b68').innerHTML = ''; The plot below represents the total frequency response of the fuzz face, the different lines show the effect of the volume potentiometer. The trimmer resistor can be dialed in by ear to suit the desired tone if you so desire. You can read more about it in the Frequency Response section. If you fancy building your own fuzz face, our good friend Doctor Tweek also sells a nice range of silicon transistors (including BC108’s and 9’s). This voltage divider created by R2 and R3 will greatly reduce the output level. In amplifier design the degenerative (negative) feedback is used to: The properties above are obtained at the expense of a reduction of gain. As a rule of thumb, Zin should be at least 1 MΩ. A practical advice is to put your Fuzz Face first on the pedal chain, just after the guitar. Saved by Danyo. 3.2 Voltage Gain.4. The Fuzz Face Mini pedal line features legendary Fuzz Face tones in smaller, more pedalboard-friendly housings with several modern appointments: true bypass switching, a bright status LED, an AC power jack and a convenient battery door. We want to take a moment here to explain how you can do this on your own for both the kit version and completed versions. Supposedly Hendrix would go through a box of new Fuzz Faces to pick the one he liked best. If we are looking for high gain it is a common practice to have part or all of the emitter resistor grounded with a bypass capacitor. This last quote from D. Cornell explains why the production switched to the modern, temperature independent, cheaper and stable silicon transistors like the BC183L, BC183KA, BC130C, BC108C, BC109C, BC209C, and BC239C. 1.1 The transistors.2. This effect is more noticeable when the gain of the pedal is low because it has more signal feedback coming from the output through R4. The usual solution in guitar pedals is to add some power filtering by placing 47~100uF cap together with a 100nF from the +9v to ground. During its lifetime the pedal went through some minor cosmetic but major sonic changes. This value varies with the volume control level and the fuzz control position. These are the most important DC bias points of the circuit. B = Feedback constant (not to be confused with the transistors, When the fuzz control increases the attack, the 20uF C, The FF frequency response is shaped by the three capacitors C, All harmonics below 31Hz will have 6dB/oct of attenuation, The plot below represents the total frequency response of the fuzz face, the different lines show the effect of the volume potentiometer. Great Germanium Fuzz Face-alike with 3rd Bias dial - not in wide circulation at all, best to buy from site - mjmguitarfx.com. var addy_textc9796beda9bd2381890082165b7e7805 = 'info' + '@' + 'electrosmash' + '.' + 'com';document.getElementById('cloakc9796beda9bd2381890082165b7e7805').innerHTML += ''+addy_textc9796beda9bd2381890082165b7e7805+'<\/a>'; Some Rights Reserved, you are free to copy, share, remix and use all material. 2.3 Circuit Bias Points.3. The fuzz is not designed to overdrive the following. This information is for those seeking precision. The best way to set it is by ear. This is due to the RC filter created by C, The output stage is again a PNP Common Emitter Amplifier, this time with a variable emitter degeneration resistor (R, The value of the output impedance can be calculated using the formula, The fuzz face output impedance is affected by the feedback network and has a real value of 15K, The minimum cut frequency is 31Hz, it goes higher when R, With this emitter resistance added, the Common Emitter PNP major parameters (ignoring by the moment the feedback network) can be determined by the, If we take into consideration the feedback network, once again the second stage will not reach values as 18dB. 2. Seems like simple stuff, and in principle it is, but the actual implementation of the pedal has plenty of black magic and mystery associated, and it takes a lot of effort to get the things sounding just right. Messages 3,497. The Fuzz Face is a distortion guitar pedal designed in London by Arbitrer Electronics Ltd in the autumn of 1966. The TAFM is perhaps more in the spirit of the Fuzz War above than, say, a Fuzz Face, being a thoroughly modern, brutal fuzz that is equal parts low-end power and singing sustain. Is equal to the input impedance of a common emitter stage. There are two main possibilities: Germanium transistors are considered to have an overall better sounding to this effect with some drawbacks: germanium manufacturing is not as consistent and controlled as silicon and they have shorter lifespan and more. Dallas Rangemaster Treble Booster Analysis, Time Manipulator - Arduino Delay/Echo/Reverb. 4.3 Power Supply.5. The minimum cut frequency is 31Hz, it goes higher when RVOL goes down. note: FF sounds different with different batteries and with the same battery as it gets run down. I think the Arbiter-England one didn’t use the NKT275 germanium transistor; in those days we used the AC128. The Fuzz Face is particularly similar to the Sola Sound unit known today as the "Mk1.5" Tone Bender. and a high gain in the second stage (β=110-130 approx. This analysis covers the first Arbitrer Fuzz Face model equipped with PNP germanium transistors from the first releases which are considered the best sounding. and a high gain in the second stage (β=110-130 approx.). My sincere appreciation for D.Clark support. Upon reducing the value of the 100K feedback resistor (from the emitter of Q2 to the base of Q1) I found that the operating point of the first transistor could be altered. For component economy, the power supply does not include any capacitors to remove ripple from the power line which is something common in raw fuzz pedals. Go right ahead. All harmonics below 31Hz will have 6dB/oct of attenuation. I’m looking for pedal that works well both for leads and for rhythm. 6 = 3dB) all frequencies below 14Hz will suffer an attenuation 6dB/oct. 6 = 3dB) all frequencies below 14Hz will suffer an attenuation 6dB/oct. Messages: 697. 3.1 Input Impedance. I’ve tried a Rat, Boss DS2, Fuzz Face, Red Witch Fuzz God, Big Muff, and enjoyed them all but couldn’t get along with any of them long term. As a rule of thumb with more feedback, there is less global gain, following  the formula: \[\\A_{FB}=\frac{A_{OL}}{1+B_{FB}A_{OL}}\]. Drives & Fuzz Kloned Centaur. The 2 mini-caps could have been larger ones, there's enaugh room for better ones. This is the reason why they do not respond well when they are placed after other pedals. Unless you know what you're doing and have a positive ground PSU, you should use all these components, otherwise omit them and solder a jumper between J1 and J2. Joined: Feb 27, 2012 Location: Calif. To bias the transistor you will require a Digital Multimeter that has the ability to measure voltage. My sincere appreciation for D.Clark support.Thanks for reading, all feedback is appreciated  This email address is being protected from spambots. It produces a characteristic high distorted sound called fuzz.Ivor Arbiter took the round shaped enclosure idea from a microphone stand and it was the first pedal including a DPDT stomp-switch. We have made two graphics below showing you how to do this for both the Fuzz Face clone (which powers off the negative rail), and our new Face the Fuzz pedal which powers off a standard 9V center negative supply and can be daisy chained with other 9V center negative pedals. Even though we do this, it is important to know how to do this on your own, as Germanium transistors are very sensitive to temperature changes and will need to be re-biased now and again. Today, both the Dallas Arbiter and Fuzz Face trademarks are owned by Dunlop Manufacturing Inc. The fuzz face output impedance is affected by the feedback network and has a real value of 15KΩ (measured at 1KHz with RVOL=500KΩ). Remember that the input stage had a gain of 18.6 dB, that leaves the second stage a total amount of 1dB of gain (19.5-18.6=0.9dB). This is due to the C3 output high pass filter effect ( C3 - RVOL). Anyway, it's a nice circuit and definitely gives the Ge Fuzz Face's a run for their money. var addyc9796beda9bd2381890082165b7e7805 = 'info' + '@'; The Fuzz Face has asymetrical clipping designed into it! The Fuzz Face has a very low input impedance that will change with the position of the RFUZZ potentiometer (between 5.2KΩ and 8.4KΩ in the simulation). Speaking of feedback, from my noodling with a Fuzz Face circuit in Multisim (electronic workbench/Pspice type of program) I found that lowering collector resistor resulted in extra current travelling through that path. The Fuzz Face circuit has 9 components. 8.1 Datasheets. For the best results with this PCB the transistor in Q2 needs to have the correct voltage for optimum performance. 2.2 Components Part List / Bill of Materials. In a Common Emitter transistor the voltage gain can be calculated following the equation: note: The gm value of a transistor is defined as: In the real life, the input stage will not reach 49dB of gain, the feedback network will reduce this levels to 18.6 dB approx. During its lifetime the pedal went through some minor cosmetic but major sonic changes. The emitter degeneration resistor RFUZZ creates a local negative feedback, making the second amplifier stage more stable and immune to gain variations due to temperature, bias current and transistor intrinsic properties. However, be aware that the bias resistor values in the published schems usually presume that the transistors hit the "ideal" gain range. Other fuzz pedals like the Big Muff Pi have a more distinctive frequency response that could shape the tone in a more innovative way. The Vox ToneBender arrived at a similar time to the Arbiter Fuzz Face (production spanned from 1966-68), and was most likely based on the Tonebender MK1.5. note: The hump originated when the fuzz control is set to minimum (the lowest dark green trace) is due to the C2 bypass capacitor which creates also filter (C2 - RFUZZ). So what we have here is basically standard Fuzz Face spec, originally Q2 resistor is paired with trimmer to set quite cold bias at 3v range. This single knob confines a great power, capable of delivering an incredible range of vintage fuzz tones. This is due to the C, The graph also shows a general roll off of the bass harmonics under 14Hz, this is due to the high pass filter created by C, Broadly speaking the frequency response of the Fuzz Face is not very innovative, it just removes some bass and keeps all the highs which contribute to have powerful distortion. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. It's a great sounding Germanium version - sizzles in all the right place. The fuzz face was re-issued from 1986 to 2000. Again, an 80 to 90-ish silicon device will work for Q1 if you re-bias using a 10K pot or trimpot in place of the Darlington's Collector load. No hassles here, no exclusive power supply, no polarity inversion needed, plain simple. It is a very simple two transistor design and they were originally germanium transistors. These instructions should also help with other Fuzz Face clones as well. Desensitize the gain: make the gain value less sensitive to transistors (i.e component variation caused by temperature). e-mail us at This email address is being protected from spambots. The main difference is that the Fuzz Face is biased slightly colder, making it more usable in warm environments. The value of the output impedance can be calculated using the formula: Zout = RVOL//470ΩZout MAX = RVOL//470Ω=500K//470Ω = 469Ω. The output stage is again a PNP Common Emitter Amplifier, this time with a variable emitter degeneration resistor (RFUZZ=1KΩ). Electrical Engineering Thesis by William E. Overton focused on the Fuzz Face. Making this cap bigger will let more low frequencies out. Other fuzz pedals like the, Big Muff Pi have a more distinctive frequency response. Fuzz Face Input Stage. The Fuzz Face Caps: The original FF uses standard aluminum electrolytic capacitors for the 2.2uF and 20uF values and a film for the 10nF cap. The graph also shows a general roll off of the bass harmonics under 14Hz, this is due to the high pass filter created by C2 and Zin (input impedance of the pedal).
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